Do fruit flies and slime moulds make decisions, or neurons have preferences? One might think the answers are obviously “No”, but this is ambiguous: there is the conceptual claim that such psychological claims can’t possibly be true, and the empirical claim that we have evidence that they are false. This talk is about the conceptual issue, which invokes the problem of conceptual anthropocentrism in psychology. My response to this problem is to show how research throughout biology is moving us towards a non-anthropocentric psychology.